Dashed left edge = started before this timeline ·
Dashed right edge = still ongoing
Andy Warhol 38
1928Andy Warhol born in PittsburghAndrew Warhola, son of Rusyn immigrantsHis parents had emigrated from a village in what is now Slovakia. His father worked in construction and coal.
1936 – 1938Sydenham's choreaMonths in bed with a nervous disorderBedridden as a child, Warhol collected film magazines and celebrity photographs and drew constantly. He called it the formative period of his life.
1942His father diesHe was fourteenAndrej Warhola had set aside savings specifically to pay for his son's education. Warhol was too frightened to attend the funeral and hid until it was over.
1945 – 1949Carnegie Institute of TechnologyPictorial designNearly dismissed after his first year, he was kept on and graduated with a style already built on tracing, blotting and repetition.
1949Moves to New YorkAnd loses the final aA Glamour magazine credit printed his name as Andy Warhol rather than Warhola. He kept the mistake.
1952First solo exhibitionDrawings based on Truman CapoteWarhol had been writing to Capote persistently and made a show from his writing. Almost nothing sold.
1955 – 1959The I. Miller shoe advertisementsThe most successful commercial artist in New YorkA weekly series of blotted-line shoe drawings for a Manhattan retailer that won awards and made him wealthy well before the Pop paintings.
1957Has his nose reshapedHe remained unhappy with his appearanceWarhol was self-conscious about his skin and nose all his life, and later built a persona around wigs, glasses and deliberate blankness.
1960First comic and Coca-Cola paintingsSuperman, Popeye, Dick TracyPainted by hand with drips still showing. When he saw Lichtenstein's cleaner version of the same idea he abandoned comics entirely.
1961The Bonwit Teller windowFive paintings behind mannequinsHis first public showing of Pop work was a department store display on Fifth Avenue, used as a backdrop for spring dresses.
1962Adopts photo-silkscreenThe technique that removes the handWarhol began transferring photographs directly onto canvas through silk mesh. He said he wanted to be a machine, and this was how.
1962Campbell's Soup Cans exhibited32 canvases — the birth of Pop ArtWarhol exhibited Campbell's Soup Cans in July 1962 at the Ferus Gallery, Los Angeles — 32 canvases, one for each variety of soup. The show launched Pop Art and asked whether commercial imagery could be fine art.
1962Marilyn Diptych paintedAfter Marilyn Monroe's deathWarhol created the Marilyn Diptych in 1962 shortly after Monroe's death in August. The 50 silkscreened images — half in vivid colour, half in fading black and white — comment on celebrity, death and mass reproduction.
1962The Death and Disaster seriesCar crashes, electric chairs, race riotsMade in the same months as the soup cans and rarely shown beside them. Warhol said that when you see a gruesome picture enough times it stops having any effect.
1963Starts making filmsSleep — five hours and twenty minutesA man sleeping, in near-static long takes. Of the nine people at the premiere, two stayed to the end.
1963 – 1968The Factory eraSilver-lined studio becomes the centre of New York coolWarhol opened his silver-lined Factory studio in New York in 1963. It became the cultural centre of 1960s New York, attracting celebrities, drag queens, musicians and socialites. Lou Reed, the Velvet Underground and Edie Sedgwick were regulars.
1964EmpireEight hours of one buildingA single unmoving shot of the Empire State Building from dusk into night. Warhol said it was a way to see time go by.
1964 – 1966The Screen TestsNearly five hundred silent portraitsVisitors to the Factory were sat before a camera and asked not to move for three minutes. Dylan, Sedgwick, Ginsberg and Reed all sat for one.
1964The Silver FactoryBilly Name lines it with foilA former hat factory on East 47th Street covered in silver foil and paint, open at all hours to a shifting cast of artists, addicts and hangers-on.
1964Thirteen Most Wanted Men is painted overRemoved from the World's FairHis mural of mugshots on the New York State Pavilion was covered in silver paint within days, on official orders.
1965Announces he has stopped paintingTo concentrate on filmThe retirement lasted about three years. He returned to canvas after the shooting.
1966 – 1967The Exploding Plastic InevitableA travelling multimedia assaultFilms projected over the Velvet Underground playing live, with strobes, whips and dancers. Warhol managed the band and financed the shows.
1967The banana coverThe Velvet Underground & NicoA peelable sticker over a pink fruit, credited to Warhol rather than the band. The record sold poorly and changed everything that came after it.
1968Warhol shot by Valerie SolanasNearly killed at the FactoryRadical feminist Valerie Solanas shot Warhol at the Factory on June 3, 1968. He was clinically dead for several minutes and required emergency surgery. The shooting profoundly changed him — he became more private and guarded.
1969Founds Interview magazineCelebrities interviewing each otherTranscripts printed almost unedited, with the pauses left in. It ran for nearly fifty years.
1972His mother diesShe had lived with him for twenty yearsJulia Warhola shared his New York houses from 1952. Warhol did not attend the funeral and told friends for years that she was fine.
1972The Mao seriesPainted after Nixon went to ChinaHundreds of portraits of the world's most reproduced image, done in loud cosmetic colour — a communist leader treated exactly like a film star.
1974 – 1987The Time CapsulesSix hundred and twelve sealed boxesWarhol swept the contents of his desk into a cardboard box each month — letters, magazines, pizza dough, cash, a mummified foot — then taped and dated it.
1975The Philosophy of Andy Warhol published"In the future, everyone will be world-famous for 15 minutes"Warhol published The Philosophy of Andy Warhol in 1975, a witty collection of observations on fame, money, beauty and American culture. It crystallised his persona as the ultimate commentator on celebrity society.
1977 – 1979Studio 54Documented nightly in the diariesWarhol was there constantly, recording who arrived with whom into a tape recorder he called his wife.
1979Portraits of the 70s is savagedCritics call him a society flattererThe Whitney show of commissioned portraits was widely read as proof he had become the court painter of the wealthy.
1980 – 1983Andy Warhol's TVCable television as a mediumA series of half-hour programmes, later followed by Andy Warhol's Fifteen Minutes on MTV — he had wanted a television show since the sixties.
1982 – 1985Working with Jean-Michel BasquiatAround a hundred and sixty joint canvasesThe older artist started painting by hand again for the first time in decades. Their 1985 joint show was badly reviewed and the friendship did not survive it.
1985Demonstrates the AmigaDigitally painting Debbie Harry on stageCommissioned by Commodore for the computer's launch. The files he made were recovered from floppy disks nearly thirty years later.
1985 – 1987Late works and deathCamouflage series and unexpected deathIn his final years Warhol produced his Camouflage series and religious works. He died unexpectedly on February 22, 1987, following routine gallbladder surgery, aged 58. The Andy Warhol Museum in Pittsburgh opened in 1994.
1986The Last Supper seriesAround a hundred works from LeonardoHis final and largest series, made for a Milan gallery opposite the actual mural. Warhol had attended church regularly all his life without telling almost anyone.
1988The estate auctionTen days at Sotheby'sHis collections filled a sale that ran for over a week and raised more than twenty million dollars, funding the foundation that bears his name.
1994The Andy Warhol Museum opensIn Pittsburgh, where he was bornSeven floors devoted to a single artist, including the Time Capsules, which archivists are still working through.
David Hockney 49
1937David Hockney born in Bradford9 July 1937David Hockney is born on 9 July 1937 in Bradford, Yorkshire, the fourth of five children of an accountant's clerk. He grows up in a working-class household that values art, music and pacifism.
1944 – 1953Childhood in BradfordEarly artistic talentHockney attends Wellington Primary School and Bradford Grammar School, where his drawing ability is noticed early. His pacifist upbringing and a lifelong love of drawing shape his outlook from childhood.
1953 – 1957Studies at Bradford School of ArtFoundation trainingHockney studies at Bradford School of Art, where his talent for drawing is quickly recognised. He develops a lifelong interest in portraiture and observational drawing during these formative years.
1957 – 1959Alternative national serviceConscientious objector, hospital workAs a conscientious objector influenced by his father's pacifism, Hockney undertakes alternative national service working as a hospital orderly, an experience that later informs some of his early figurative work.
1959 – 1962Royal College of ArtEarly Pop Art circleHockney studies at the Royal College of Art in London alongside artists such as R.B. Kitaj and Allen Jones, becoming associated with the emerging British pop art movement. His graduation work breaks with convention and announces an openly gay artistic voice years before decriminalisation in the UK.
1961First trip to New YorkEncounters American art and Whitman's poetryHockney makes his first visit to New York, where he is struck by the scale and energy of American art and culture, an experience that feeds directly into his work and his growing fascination with America.
1961We Two Boys Together ClingingEarly gay-themed paintingHockney paints We Two Boys Together Clinging, its title taken from a Walt Whitman poem, openly addressing same-sex desire at a time when homosexuality remains illegal in Britain. It is among the earliest works of his career to do so.
1962Graduates from the Royal College of ArtGold medal disputeHockney completes his studies at the Royal College of Art. When he refuses to write a required essay, arguing he should be assessed on his art alone, the college changes its regulations rather than fail him, and he graduates with the institution's gold medal.
1963First visit to Los AngelesCalifornia captivates himHockney visits Los Angeles for the first time, drawn by photographs of swimming pools, palm trees and modernist houses he had seen in magazines. The city immediately captures his imagination.
1964Moves to Los AngelesCalifornia beckonsDrawn by photographs of swimming pools and modernist architecture, Hockney moves to Los Angeles, which becomes a second home and the subject of some of his most celebrated work for the next decades.
1966Meets Peter SchlesingerMuse, model and partnerHockney meets the young American artist Peter Schlesinger in Los Angeles. Schlesinger becomes his partner and the subject of numerous paintings, drawings and photographs over the following years.
1967A Bigger SplashIconic swimming pool paintingHockney completes A Bigger Splash, a large acrylic painting of a Californian swimming pool the instant after a diver has vanished beneath the surface. It becomes one of the defining images of 1960s pop art and of his career.
1967Wins the John Moores Painting PrizeMajor British art awardHockney wins the prestigious John Moores Painting Prize in Liverpool, one of the most significant British art awards of the period, with his painting Peter Getting Out of Nick's Pool.
1968American CollectorsDouble portrait of Fred and Marcia WeismanHockney paints American Collectors (Fred and Marcia Weisman), a sharply observed double portrait of Los Angeles art collectors posed amid their sculpture collection, now held by the Art Institute of Chicago.
1970 – 1971Mr and Mrs Clark and PercyDouble portrait masterpieceHockney paints Mr and Mrs Clark and Percy, a large double portrait of fashion designers Ossie Clark and Celia Birtwell with their cat in their London flat. It becomes one of the best-loved British paintings of the 20th century and is acquired by the Tate.
1971 – 1972Portrait of an Artist (Pool with Two Figures)Future record-breaking paintingHockney paints Portrait of an Artist (Pool with Two Figures), depicting a swimmer approaching the edge of a pool watched by a standing figure. Decades later it becomes one of the most expensive paintings by a living artist ever sold at auction.
1973Relationship with Schlesinger endsPersonal upheavalHockney's relationship with Peter Schlesinger ends, a painful period for the artist that is later documented on film.
1974"A Bigger Splash" documentary releasedJack Hazan filmDirector Jack Hazan releases A Bigger Splash, a part-documentary, part-staged film following Hockney through the breakdown of his relationship with Peter Schlesinger, blending real footage with dramatised scenes.
1975Designs for GlyndebourneStage designs for The Rake's ProgressHockney designs the sets and costumes for Stravinsky's opera The Rake's Progress at Glyndebourne Festival Opera, the first of several major theatrical and operatic commissions that occupy him over the following decades.
1978New studio in Nichols CanyonLos Angeles base expandsHockney establishes a larger studio and home in Nichols Canyon, Los Angeles, providing the space for increasingly ambitious work in painting, photography and stage design over the following decade.
1980Designs for the Metropolitan OperaTriple bill of French worksHockney designs sets and costumes for a triple bill of short French operas and ballets — works by Satie, Poulenc and Ravel — at the Metropolitan Opera in New York, extending his reputation as a stage designer to one of the world's leading opera houses.
1981Travels to China"China Diary" with Stephen SpenderHockney travels through China with the poet Stephen Spender, producing drawings and photographs that are later published together with Spender's writing as China Diary.
1982 – 1986Photographic "joiners"Collaged Polaroid and photo worksHockney develops his "joiners" — composite images assembled from dozens or hundreds of individual photographs, exploring multiple viewpoints and the passage of time. Pearblossom Highway, a large joiner of a Californian desert road, becomes one of the best-known examples.
1985Designs French Vogue Christmas issueEarly digital art experimentHockney uses an early Quantel Paintbox computer system to create artwork for the Christmas issue of French Vogue, among his first forays into digital image-making, decades before his celebrated iPad drawings.
1986Pearblossom HighwayLandmark photographic joinerHockney completes Pearblossom Highway, 11–18th April 1986, #2, a large composite photographic work assembled from hundreds of separate images of a Californian desert road junction, now one of his most reproduced photographic works.
1987Designs Tristan und IsoldeLos Angeles OperaHockney designs an elaborate, vividly coloured production of Wagner's Tristan und Isolde for the Los Angeles Music Center Opera, one of his most ambitious operatic design projects.
1988 – 1989Major retrospective tourLACMA, Met, TateA large retrospective of Hockney's work opens at the Los Angeles County Museum of Art and travels to the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York and the Tate Gallery in London, confirming his international standing.
1995Elected Royal AcademicianRA honourHockney is elected a Royal Academician, joining the Royal Academy of Arts as one of its most prominent members.
1997Appointed Companion of HonourCH awardedHockney is appointed a Member of the Order of the Companions of Honour, one of the United Kingdom's most exclusive honours, recognising his contribution to the arts.
1997Returns to East YorkshireLandscape painting in BridlingtonHockney spends increasing time in his native East Yorkshire, beginning an extended exploration of the local landscape — the Wolds, hedgerows and changing seasons — in large-scale paintings made en plein air.
1999Begins "Secret Knowledge" researchOld Masters and optical devicesHockney begins an extended investigation into whether Renaissance and later painters used optical devices such as the camera lucida and camera obscura to achieve their precise realism, a theory that proves both influential and controversial among art historians.
2001Publishes "Secret Knowledge"Book on Old Master techniquesHockney publishes Secret Knowledge: Rediscovering the Lost Techniques of the Old Masters, setting out his research and arguments about optical aids in historical painting, sparking wide debate in the art world.
2005Major Yorkshire landscape seriesMidsummer: East YorkshireHockney produces an extended series of large plein-air landscape paintings of the East Yorkshire Wolds, including Midsummer: East Yorkshire, marking a renewed focus on landscape painting after years in Los Angeles.
2007Bigger Trees Near WarterMonumental Yorkshire landscapeHockney completes Bigger Trees Near Warter, at the time the largest painting he has made, depicting a Yorkshire woodland across 50 canvases. He donates it to Tate Britain.
2009Begins drawing on the iPhoneBrushes appHockney begins making drawings on his iPhone using the Brushes app, often sending finished works as the day's "morning drawing" to friends — an early sign of his enthusiastic embrace of digital tools.
2010"Fresh Flowers" exhibitioniPhone and iPad drawings in ParisAn exhibition of Hockney's iPhone and iPad drawings, Fresh Flowers, is shown at the Fondation Pierre Bergé–Yves Saint Laurent in Paris, introducing his digital still lifes to a wide audience.
2011"The Arrival of Spring" beginsiPad drawings at WoldgateHockney begins an extended series of iPad drawings titled The Arrival of Spring, recording the changing seasons along Woldgate, a Yorkshire lane near his studio, day by day.
2012A Bigger Picture & Order of MeritRoyal Academy retrospectiveThe Royal Academy stages A Bigger Picture, a major exhibition of Hockney's Yorkshire landscapes including new works made on the iPad, drawing record crowds. The same year he is appointed to the Order of Merit, one of the UK's most exclusive honours.
2013Death of David Hockney's studio assistantTragedy at Bridlington homeDominic Elliott, a young assistant at Hockney's Bridlington studio, dies after being taken ill at the artist's home, a personal tragedy that deeply affects Hockney and his close circle.
201780th birthday retrospectiveTate, Pompidou & the MetTo mark his 80th birthday, a major retrospective of Hockney's career travels from Tate Britain to the Centre Pompidou in Paris and the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York, cementing his status as one of the most popular living artists.
2018Auction record for a living artist$90.3 million saleHockney's 1972 painting Portrait of an Artist (Pool with Two Figures) sells at auction for $90.3 million, becoming, for a time, the most expensive work by a living artist ever sold.
2019Moves to NormandyNew studio in FranceHockney relocates his studio to Normandy, France, where he paints the changing seasons around his cottage and continues to work extensively on the iPad, including a series marking the arrival of spring.
2020"Do remember they can't cancel the spring"Lockdown iPad drawings shared widelyDuring the early Covid-19 lockdowns, Hockney shares a series of vivid iPad drawings of spring arriving at his Normandy home, accompanied by the message "Do remember they can't cancel the spring," offering comfort to a global audience.
2021Royal Academy exhibitionThe Arrival of Spring, Normandy, 2020The Royal Academy presents The Arrival of Spring, Normandy, 2020, a major exhibition of the iPad drawings Hockney made during lockdown, drawing large audiences as pandemic restrictions ease.
2023"Bigger & Closer" opensImmersive exhibition at Lightroom, LondonHockney's first ever immersive digital exhibition, Bigger & Closer (not smaller & further away), opens at the new Lightroom venue in London, projecting his work at vast scale with music and narration.
2024Largest-ever retrospectiveFondation Louis Vuitton, ParisThe Fondation Louis Vuitton in Paris stages the largest exhibition of Hockney's work ever held, spanning seven decades of painting, photography, drawing and digital works across its galleries.
2025Continues working in NormandyPainting into his late eightiesInto his late eighties, Hockney continues to paint and draw daily at his Normandy home, producing new landscape and still-life work and remaining as prolific as ever.
2026Final monthsReturns to LondonIn his final months, Hockney is based at his home in London, where he dies on 11 June 2026.
2026Death11 June 2026David Hockney dies peacefully at his home in London on 11 June 2026, one month before what would have been his 89th birthday. He is survived by his long-time partner Jean-Pierre Gonçalves de Lima.