Timeline February 1913

Events in February 1913 6

• 1873 – 1913 Francisco I. Madero (1873-1913) Died 22 February 1913, aged 39 Madero led the revolution that ended Porfirio Diaz's long rule and served as President of Mexico from 1911. He was overthrown and executed on the orders of General Victoriano Huerta during the Decena Tragica coup. His death is widely seen as the start of the bloodiest phase of the Mexican Revolution.
• 1913 Grand Central Terminal Opens New York's landmark railway terminal begins service The rebuilt Grand Central Terminal opened in Manhattan, replacing the earlier Grand Central Depot. Its Beaux-Arts design and underground electrified rail yard set a new standard for urban rail terminals. It remains one of the world's busiest transportation hubs.
• 1913 Sixteenth Amendment Ratified US Constitution authorizes a federal income tax The Sixteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution was ratified, granting Congress the power to levy an income tax without apportioning it among the states. It overturned earlier court rulings that had blocked a federal income tax. The amendment reshaped US federal finance for the century that followed.
• 1913 – 2005 Rosa Parks Civil rights defiance Rosa Parks refused to give up her bus seat in 1955, sparking the Montgomery Bus Boycott and galvanising the civil rights movement.
• 1913 Decena Tragica Coup in Mexico City Ten days of fighting topple President Madero General Victoriano Huerta led a military coup against President Francisco Madero during ten days of street fighting in Mexico City. Huerta seized the presidency after forcing Madero's resignation, deepening the Mexican Revolution. The coup triggered renewed civil war among rival revolutionary factions.
• 1913 Armory Show Opens in New York First major exhibition of modern art in the United States The International Exhibition of Modern Art opened at the 69th Regiment Armory in New York City. It introduced American audiences to Cubism, Fauvism, and other European avant-garde movements, including Marcel Duchamp's Nude Descending a Staircase. The show provoked public controversy and reshaped American art criticism.